/*
 * Copyright (c) 2023-2025, WSO2 LLC. (http://www.wso2.com).
 *
 * WSO2 LLC. licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
 * Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.service;

import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.common.Util;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.ApplicationSharePOSTRequest;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.Attribute;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.BasicOrganizationResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.DiscoveryAttribute;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.GetOrganizationResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.GetOrganizationResponseAncestorPath;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.Link;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.MetaAttributesResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationCheckResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationDiscoveryPostRequest;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationDiscoveryResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationMetadata;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationNameCheckPOSTResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationPOSTRequest;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationPUTRequest;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationPatchRequestItem;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationsDiscoveryResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.OrganizationsResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.ParentOrganization;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.SharedApplicationResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.SharedApplicationsResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.model.SharedOrganizationsResponse;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.util.OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.core.util.IdentityUtil;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.discovery.service.OrganizationDiscoveryManager;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.discovery.service.model.DiscoveryOrganizationsResult;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.discovery.service.model.OrgDiscoveryAttribute;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.discovery.service.model.OrganizationDiscovery;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.application.OrgApplicationManager;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.application.model.SharedApplication;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.OrganizationManager;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.exception.OrganizationManagementClientException;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.exception.OrganizationManagementException;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.exception.OrganizationManagementServerException;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.AncestorOrganizationDO;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.BasicOrganization;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.Organization;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.OrganizationAttribute;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.ParentOrganizationDO;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.PatchOperation;
import org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.model.TenantTypeOrganization;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.ASC_SORT_ORDER;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.DESC_SORT_ORDER;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.DISCOVERY_PATH;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.FILTER_PARAM;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.LIMIT_PARAM;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.META_ATTRIBUTES_PATH;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.NEXT;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.PREVIOUS;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.constants.OrganizationManagementEndpointConstants.RECURSIVE_PARAM;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.api.server.organization.management.v1.util.OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.buildOrganizationURL;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.ErrorMessages.ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.ErrorMessages.ERROR_CODE_INVALID_PAGINATION_PARAMETER_NEGATIVE_LIMIT;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.ErrorMessages.ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SHARE_APPLICATION_EMPTY_REQUEST_BODY;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.ErrorMessages.ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SHARE_APPLICATION_REQUEST_BODY;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.ORGANIZATION_PATH;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.PAGINATION_AFTER;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.PAGINATION_BEFORE;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.constant.OrganizationManagementConstants.PATH_SEPARATOR;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.util.Utils.generateUniqueID;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.util.Utils.getOrganizationId;
import static org.wso2.carbon.identity.organization.management.service.util.Utils.handleClientException;

/**
 * Perform organization management related operations.
 */
public class OrganizationManagementService {

    private final OrgApplicationManager orgApplicationManager;
    private final OrganizationManager organizationManager;
    private final OrganizationDiscoveryManager organizationDiscoveryManager;

    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(OrganizationManagementService.class);

    public OrganizationManagementService(OrgApplicationManager orgApplicationManager,
                                         OrganizationManager organizationManager,
                                         OrganizationDiscoveryManager organizationDiscoveryManager) {

        this.orgApplicationManager = orgApplicationManager;
        this.organizationManager = organizationManager;
        this.organizationDiscoveryManager = organizationDiscoveryManager;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve organization IDs.
     *
     * @param filter    The filter string.
     * @param limit     The maximum number of records to be returned.
     * @param after     The pointer to next page.
     * @param before    The pointer to previous page.
     * @param recursive Determines whether recursive search is required.
     * @return The list of organization IDs.
     */
    public Response getOrganizations(String filter, Integer limit, String after, String before, Boolean recursive) {

        try {
            limit = validateLimit(limit);
            String sortOrder = StringUtils.isNotBlank(before) ? ASC_SORT_ORDER : DESC_SORT_ORDER;
            List<Organization> organizations = organizationManager.getOrganizationsList(limit + 1, after,
                    before, sortOrder, filter, Boolean.TRUE.equals(recursive));
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationsResponse(limit, after, before, filter, organizations,
                    Boolean.TRUE.equals(recursive))).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if organization exist for given name.
     *
     * @param organizationName Organization name.
     * @return Organization name check response.
     */
    public Response checkOrganizationName(String organizationName) {

        boolean nameExist = organizationManager.isOrganizationExistByNameInGivenHierarchy(organizationName);
        OrganizationNameCheckPOSTResponse response = new OrganizationNameCheckPOSTResponse().available(false);
        if (!nameExist) {
            response.setAvailable(true);
        }
        return Response.ok().entity(response).build();
    }

    /**
     * Check if organization exist for given organization handle.
     *
     * @param orgHandle Organization Handle.
     * @return Organization handle check response.
     */
    public Response checkOrganizationHandle(String orgHandle) {

        try {
            boolean isOrgHandleAvailable = !organizationManager.isOrganizationExistByHandle(orgHandle);
            OrganizationCheckResponse response = new OrganizationCheckResponse().available(isOrgHandleAvailable);
            return Response.ok().entity(response).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Delete an organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId Unique identifier for the requested organization to be deleted.
     * @return Organization deletion response.
     */
    public Response deleteOrganization(String organizationId) {

        try {
            organizationManager.deleteOrganization(organizationId);
            return Response.noContent().build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fetch an organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId Unique identifier for the requested organization to be fetched.
     * @return Requested organization details.
     */
    public Response getOrganization(String organizationId, Boolean includePermissions) {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.getOrganization(organizationId,
                    false, Boolean.TRUE.equals(includePermissions), true);
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationResponseWithPermission(organization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Patch an organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId               Unique identifier for the requested organization to be patched.
     * @param organizationPatchRequestItem The list of organization details to be patched.
     * @return The patched organization.
     */
    public Response patchOrganization(String organizationId, List<OrganizationPatchRequestItem>
            organizationPatchRequestItem) {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.patchOrganization(organizationId,
                    organizationPatchRequestItem.stream().map(op ->
                            new PatchOperation(op.getOperation() == null ? null : op.getOperation().toString(),
                                    op.getPath(), op.getValue())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationResponse(organization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Update an organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId         Unique identifier for the requested organization to be updated.
     * @param organizationPUTRequest The organization update request.
     * @return The updated organization.
     */
    public Response updateOrganization(String organizationId, OrganizationPUTRequest organizationPUTRequest) {

        try {
            Organization updatedOrganization = getUpdatedOrganization(organizationId, organizationPUTRequest);
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationResponse(updatedOrganization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add an organization.
     *
     * @param organizationPOSTRequest Add organization request.
     * @return The newly created organization.
     */
    public Response addOrganization(OrganizationPOSTRequest organizationPOSTRequest) {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.addOrganization(getOrganizationFromPostRequest
                    (organizationPOSTRequest));
            String organizationId = organization.getId();
            return Response.created(OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.getResourceLocation(organizationId)).entity
                    (getOrganizationResponse(organization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Share an application to child organizations.
     *
     * @param organizationId Unique identifier of the organization owning the application.
     * @param applicationId  Application identifier.
     * @param requestBody    Request body of the share request.
     * @return The status of the operation.
     */
    public Response shareOrganizationApplication(String organizationId, String applicationId,
                                                 ApplicationSharePOSTRequest requestBody) {

        try {
            validateApplicationSharePostRequestBody(requestBody);
            boolean shareWithAllChildren = (requestBody.getShareWithAllChildren() != null)
                    ? requestBody.getShareWithAllChildren() : false;
            orgApplicationManager.shareOrganizationApplication(organizationId, applicationId,
                    shareWithAllChildren, requestBody.getSharedOrganizations());
            return Response.ok().build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    private void validateApplicationSharePostRequestBody(ApplicationSharePOSTRequest requestBody)
            throws OrganizationManagementClientException {

        if (requestBody == null) {
            throw handleClientException(ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SHARE_APPLICATION_EMPTY_REQUEST_BODY);
        }
        if (requestBody.getShareWithAllChildren() == null && requestBody.getSharedOrganizations() == null) {
            throw handleClientException(ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SHARE_APPLICATION_EMPTY_REQUEST_BODY);
        }
        if (requestBody.getShareWithAllChildren() != null
                && requestBody.getShareWithAllChildren()
                && CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(requestBody.getSharedOrganizations())) {
            throw handleClientException(ERROR_CODE_INVALID_SHARE_APPLICATION_REQUEST_BODY);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Stop application sharing to an organization by removing the fragment application from the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId       ID of the organization owning the primary application.
     * @param applicationId        primary application ID.
     * @param sharedOrganizationId ID of the organization owning the fragment application.
     * @return the stop application sharing response.
     */
    public Response deleteSharedApplication(String organizationId, String applicationId, String sharedOrganizationId) {

        try {
            orgApplicationManager.deleteSharedApplication(organizationId, applicationId, sharedOrganizationId);
            return Response.noContent().build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Stop application sharing to all organizations by removing the fragment applications from the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId ID of the organization owning the main application.
     * @param applicationId  Main application ID.
     * @return The application unsharing response.
     */
    public Response deleteAllSharedApplications(String organizationId, String applicationId) {

        try {
            orgApplicationManager.deleteSharedApplication(organizationId, applicationId, null);
            return Response.noContent().build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the list of organization with whom the primary application is shared.
     *
     * @param organizationId ID of the organization owning the primary application.
     * @param applicationId  ID of the primary application.
     * @return list of organization having the fragment applications.
     */
    public Response getApplicationSharedOrganizations(String organizationId, String applicationId) {

        try {
            List<BasicOrganization> basicOrganizations =
                    orgApplicationManager.getApplicationSharedOrganizations(organizationId, applicationId);
            return Response.ok(createSharedOrgResponse(basicOrganizations)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the shared applications list of a given primary application, along with their organizations.
     *
     * @param organizationId ID of the organization owning the primary application.
     * @param applicationId  ID of the primary application.
     * @return shared applications list of a given primary application.
     */
    public Response getSharedApplications(String organizationId, String applicationId) {

        try {
            List<SharedApplication> sharedApplications =
                    orgApplicationManager.getSharedApplications(organizationId, applicationId);
            return Response.ok(createSharedApplicationsResponse(sharedApplications)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add discovery attributes for the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationDiscoveryPostRequest Add organization discovery attributes request.
     * @return The newly created discovery attributes of the organization.
     */
    public Response addOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(OrganizationDiscoveryPostRequest
                                                               organizationDiscoveryPostRequest) {

        try {
            List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> orgDiscoveryAttributeList = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .addOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(organizationDiscoveryPostRequest.getOrganizationId(),
                            getOrgDiscoveryAttributesFromPostRequest(organizationDiscoveryPostRequest), true);
            String organizationId = organizationDiscoveryPostRequest.getOrganizationId();
            return Response.created(OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.getDiscoveryResourceLocation(organizationId))
                    .entity(getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributesResponse(orgDiscoveryAttributeList)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fetch the discovery attributes of the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId The ID of the organization whose organization discovery attributes are to be fetched.
     * @return The discovery attributes of the given organization.
     */
    public Response getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(String organizationId) {

        try {
            List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> orgDiscoveryAttributeList = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(organizationId, true);
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributesResponse(orgDiscoveryAttributeList)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Update the discovery attributes of the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId                  The ID of the organization whose organization discovery attributes are to
     *                                        be updated.
     * @param organizationDiscoveryAttributes The organization discovery attributes.
     * @return Organization discovery attribute update response.
     */
    public Response updateOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(String organizationId, OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes
            organizationDiscoveryAttributes) {

        try {
            List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> orgDiscoveryAttributeList = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .updateOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(organizationId,
                            getOrgDiscoveryAttributesFromPutRequest(organizationDiscoveryAttributes), true);
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributesResponse(orgDiscoveryAttributeList)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Delete the discovery attributes of the given organization.
     *
     * @param organizationId The ID of the organization whose organization discovery attributes are to be deleted.
     * @return Organization discovery attribute deletion response.
     */
    public Response deleteOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(String organizationId) {

        try {
            organizationDiscoveryManager.deleteOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(organizationId, true);
            return Response.noContent().build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the discovery attributes of the organizations.
     *
     * @param filter The filter string.
     * @param offset The offset to be used with the limit parameter. **Not supported at the moment.**
     * @param limit  The items per page. **Not supported at the moment.**
     * @return The discovery attributes of the organizations in the hierarchy under the root organization.
     */
    public Response getOrganizationsDiscoveryAttributes(String filter, Integer offset, Integer limit) {

        try {
            DiscoveryOrganizationsResult discoveryOrganizationsResult = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .getOrganizationsDiscoveryAttributes(limit, offset, filter);
            OrganizationsDiscoveryResponse response = new OrganizationsDiscoveryResponse();
            List<OrganizationDiscovery> organizationsDiscoveryAttributes = discoveryOrganizationsResult
                    .getOrganizations();
            response.setTotalResults(discoveryOrganizationsResult.getTotalResults());
            response.setStartIndex(discoveryOrganizationsResult.getOffset() + 1);
            List<Link> paginationLinks = Util.buildPaginationLinks(discoveryOrganizationsResult.getLimit(),
                            discoveryOrganizationsResult.getOffset(),
                            discoveryOrganizationsResult.getTotalResults(),
                            PATH_SEPARATOR + ORGANIZATION_PATH + PATH_SEPARATOR + DISCOVERY_PATH,
                            null, filter)
                    .entrySet()
                    .stream()
                    .map(entry -> new Link().rel(entry.getKey()).href(URI.create(entry.getValue())))
                    .collect(Collectors.toList());
            response.setLinks(paginationLinks);
            response.setCount(organizationsDiscoveryAttributes.size());
            for (OrganizationDiscovery organizationDiscovery : organizationsDiscoveryAttributes) {
                OrganizationDiscoveryResponse organizationDiscoveryResponse = new OrganizationDiscoveryResponse();
                String organizationID = organizationDiscovery.getOrganizationId();
                organizationDiscoveryResponse.setOrganizationId(organizationID);
                organizationDiscoveryResponse.setOrganizationName(organizationDiscovery.getOrganizationName());
                organizationDiscoveryResponse.setOrgHandle(organizationDiscovery.getOrganizationHandle());
                organizationDiscovery.getDiscoveryAttributes().forEach(orgDiscoveryAttribute -> {
                    DiscoveryAttribute organizationDiscoveryAttributeResponse = new DiscoveryAttribute();
                    organizationDiscoveryAttributeResponse.setType(orgDiscoveryAttribute.getType());
                    organizationDiscoveryAttributeResponse.setValues(orgDiscoveryAttribute.getValues());
                    organizationDiscoveryResponse.addAttributesItem(organizationDiscoveryAttributeResponse);
                });
                response.addOrganizationsItem(organizationDiscoveryResponse);
            }
            return Response.ok(response).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if the given organization discovery attribute is already taken by another organization in the hierarchy.
     *
     * @param organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest Organization discovery attribute check request.
     * @return Organization discovery attribute check response.
     */
    public Response isDiscoveryAttributeAvailable(OrganizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest
                                                          organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest) {

        try {
            boolean discoveryAttributeValueAvailable = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .isDiscoveryAttributeValueAvailable(organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest.getType(),
                            organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTRequest.getValue());
            OrganizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse =
                    new OrganizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse();
            organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse.setAvailable(discoveryAttributeValueAvailable);
            return Response.ok().entity(organizationDiscoveryCheckPOSTResponse).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Fetch organization metadata.
     *
     * @return Requested organization metadata.
     */
    public Response getOrganizationMetadata() {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.getOrganization(getOrganizationId(), false, true);
            List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> organizationDiscoveryAttributes = organizationDiscoveryManager
                    .getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributes(getOrganizationId(), false);
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationMetadataResponse(organization, organizationDiscoveryAttributes))
                    .build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve organizations' meta attributes.
     *
     * @param filter    The filter string.
     * @param limit     The maximum number of records to be returned.
     * @param after     The pointer to next page.
     * @param before    The pointer to previous page.
     * @param recursive Determines whether recursive search is required.
     * @return The list of organizations' meta attributes.
     */
    public Response getOrganizationsMetaAttributes(String filter, Integer limit, String after, String before,
                                                   Boolean recursive) {

        try {
            limit = validateLimit(limit);
            String sortOrder = StringUtils.isNotBlank(before) ? DESC_SORT_ORDER : ASC_SORT_ORDER;
            List<String> metaAttributes = organizationManager.getOrganizationsMetaAttributes(limit + 1, after,
                    before, sortOrder, filter, Boolean.TRUE.equals(recursive));
            return Response.ok().entity(getMetaAttributesResponse(limit, after, before, filter, metaAttributes,
                    Boolean.TRUE.equals(recursive))).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Patch the organization details of the currently accessing organization.
     *
     * @param organizationPatchRequestItem The list of organization details to be patched.
     * @return The patched organization.
     */
    public Response patchSelfOrganization(List<OrganizationPatchRequestItem> organizationPatchRequestItem) {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.patchSelfOrganization(
                    organizationPatchRequestItem.stream().map(op ->
                            new PatchOperation(op.getOperation() == null ? null : op.getOperation().toString(),
                                    op.getPath(), op.getValue())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationResponse(organization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the organization details of the currently accessing organization.
     *
     * @return Requested organization details.
     */
    public Response getSelfOrganization() {

        try {
            Organization organization = organizationManager.getSelfOrganization();
            return Response.ok().entity(getOrganizationResponseWithPermission(organization)).build();
        } catch (OrganizationManagementClientException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleClientErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        } catch (OrganizationManagementException e) {
            return OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.handleServerErrorResponse(e, LOG);
        }
    }

    private Organization getOrganizationFromPostRequest(OrganizationPOSTRequest organizationPOSTRequest) {

        String organizationId = generateUniqueID();
        OrganizationPOSTRequest.TypeEnum type = organizationPOSTRequest.getType();
        Organization organization;
        String orgHandle = organizationPOSTRequest.getOrgHandle();
        if (OrganizationPOSTRequest.TypeEnum.TENANT.equals(type)) {

            // Set the organization id as the default domain name of the underlying tenant.
            String domain = StringUtils.isNotBlank(orgHandle) ? orgHandle : organizationId;
            organization = new TenantTypeOrganization(domain);
        } else {
            organization = new Organization();
        }
        organization.setId(organizationId);
        organization.setName(organizationPOSTRequest.getName());
        organization.setOrganizationHandle(orgHandle);
        organization.setDescription(organizationPOSTRequest.getDescription());
        organization.setStatus(OrganizationManagementConstants.OrganizationStatus.ACTIVE.toString());
        organization.setType(type != null ? type.toString() : null);
        String parentId = organizationPOSTRequest.getParentId();
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(parentId)) {
            organization.getParent().setId(parentId);
        }
        List<Attribute> organizationAttributes = organizationPOSTRequest.getAttributes();
        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(organizationAttributes)) {
            organization.setAttributes(organizationAttributes.stream().map(attribute ->
                    new OrganizationAttribute(attribute.getKey(), attribute.getValue())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
        }
        return organization;
    }

    private OrganizationResponse getOrganizationResponse(Organization organization) {

        OrganizationResponse organizationResponse = new OrganizationResponse();
        organizationResponse.setId(organization.getId());
        organizationResponse.setName(organization.getName());
        organizationResponse.setOrgHandle(organization.getOrganizationHandle());
        organizationResponse.setDescription(organization.getDescription());
        organizationResponse.setVersion(organization.getVersion());
        organizationResponse.setHasChildren(organization.hasChildren());

        OrganizationResponse.StatusEnum status;
        try {
            status = OrganizationResponse.StatusEnum.valueOf(organization.getStatus());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            status = OrganizationResponse.StatusEnum.DISABLED;
        }
        organizationResponse.setStatus(status);

        organizationResponse.setCreated(organization.getCreated().toString());
        organizationResponse.setLastModified(organization.getLastModified().toString());

        String type = organization.getType();
        if (StringUtils.equals(type, OrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.TENANT.toString())) {
            organizationResponse.setType(OrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.TENANT);
        } else {
            organizationResponse.setType(OrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.STRUCTURAL);
        }

        ParentOrganizationDO parentOrganizationDO = organization.getParent();
        if (parentOrganizationDO != null && parentOrganizationDO.getId() != null) {
            parentOrganizationDO.setRef(buildOrganizationURL(parentOrganizationDO.getId()).toString());
            organizationResponse.setParent(getParentOrganization(parentOrganizationDO));
        }

        List<Attribute> attributeList = getOrganizationAttributes(organization);
        if (!attributeList.isEmpty()) {
            organizationResponse.setAttributes(attributeList);
        }
        return organizationResponse;
    }

    private GetOrganizationResponse getOrganizationResponseWithPermission(Organization organization) {

        GetOrganizationResponse organizationResponse = new GetOrganizationResponse();
        organizationResponse.setId(organization.getId());
        organizationResponse.setName(organization.getName());
        organizationResponse.setOrgHandle(organization.getOrganizationHandle());
        organizationResponse.setDescription(organization.getDescription());
        organizationResponse.setCreated(organization.getCreated().toString());
        organizationResponse.setLastModified(organization.getLastModified().toString());
        organizationResponse.setHasChildren(organization.hasChildren());
        organizationResponse.setPermissions(organization.getPermissions());
        organizationResponse.setVersion(organization.getVersion());
        List<AncestorOrganizationDO> ancestors = organization.getAncestors();
        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(ancestors)) {
            organizationResponse.setAncestorPath(ancestors.stream().map(ancestor ->
                    new GetOrganizationResponseAncestorPath()
                            .id(ancestor.getId())
                            .name(ancestor.getName())
                            .depth(ancestor.getDepth())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
        }

        GetOrganizationResponse.StatusEnum status;
        try {
            status = GetOrganizationResponse.StatusEnum.valueOf(organization.getStatus());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            status = GetOrganizationResponse.StatusEnum.DISABLED;
        }
        organizationResponse.setStatus(status);

        String type = organization.getType();
        if (StringUtils.equals(type, GetOrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.TENANT.toString())) {
            organizationResponse.setType(GetOrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.TENANT);
        } else {
            organizationResponse.setType(GetOrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.STRUCTURAL);
        }

        ParentOrganizationDO parentOrganizationDO = organization.getParent();
        if (parentOrganizationDO != null && parentOrganizationDO.getId() != null) {
            parentOrganizationDO.setRef(buildOrganizationURL(parentOrganizationDO.getId()).toString());
            organizationResponse.setParent(getParentOrganization(parentOrganizationDO));
        }

        List<Attribute> attributeList = getOrganizationAttributes(organization);
        if (!attributeList.isEmpty()) {
            organizationResponse.setAttributes(attributeList);
        }
        return organizationResponse;
    }

    private List<Attribute> getOrganizationAttributes(Organization organization) {

        List<Attribute> attributeList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (OrganizationAttribute attributeModel : organization.getAttributes()) {
            Attribute attribute = new Attribute();
            attribute.setKey(attributeModel.getKey());
            attribute.setValue(attributeModel.getValue());
            attributeList.add(attribute);
        }
        return attributeList;
    }

    private ParentOrganization getParentOrganization(ParentOrganizationDO parentOrganizationDO) {

        ParentOrganization parentOrganization = new ParentOrganization();
        parentOrganization.setId(parentOrganizationDO.getId());
        parentOrganization.setRef(parentOrganizationDO.getRef());
        return parentOrganization;
    }

    private int validateLimit(Integer limit) throws OrganizationManagementClientException {

        if (limit == null) {
            int defaultItemsPerPage = IdentityUtil.getDefaultItemsPerPage();
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug(String.format("Given limit is null. Therefore the default limit is set to %s.",
                        defaultItemsPerPage));
            }
            return defaultItemsPerPage;
        }

        if (limit < 0) {
            throw handleClientException(ERROR_CODE_INVALID_PAGINATION_PARAMETER_NEGATIVE_LIMIT);
        }

        int maximumItemsPerPage = IdentityUtil.getMaximumItemPerPage();
        if (limit > maximumItemsPerPage) {
            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                LOG.debug(String.format("Given limit exceeds the maximum limit. Therefore the limit is set to %s.",
                        maximumItemsPerPage));
            }
            return maximumItemsPerPage;
        }

        return limit;
    }

    private OrganizationsResponse getOrganizationsResponse(Integer limit, String after, String before, String filter,
                                                           List<Organization> organizations, boolean recursive)
            throws OrganizationManagementServerException {

        OrganizationsResponse organizationsResponse = new OrganizationsResponse();

        if (limit != 0 && CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(organizations)) {
            boolean hasMoreItems = organizations.size() > limit;
            boolean needsReverse = StringUtils.isNotBlank(before);
            boolean isFirstPage = (StringUtils.isBlank(before) && StringUtils.isBlank(after)) ||
                    (StringUtils.isNotBlank(before) && !hasMoreItems);
            boolean isLastPage = !hasMoreItems && (StringUtils.isNotBlank(after) || StringUtils.isBlank(before));

            String url = "?" + LIMIT_PARAM + "=" + limit + "&" + RECURSIVE_PARAM + "=" + recursive;
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(filter)) {
                try {
                    url += "&" + FILTER_PARAM + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(filter, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                    throw new OrganizationManagementServerException(
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getMessage(),
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getDescription(),
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getCode(), e);
                }
            }

            if (hasMoreItems) {
                organizations.remove(organizations.size() - 1);
            }
            if (needsReverse) {
                Collections.reverse(organizations);
            }
            if (!isFirstPage) {
                Timestamp createdTimestamp = Timestamp.from(organizations.get(0).getCreated());
                String encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(createdTimestamp.toString()
                        .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                Link link = new Link();
                link.setHref(URI.create(
                        OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.buildURIForPagination(url) + "&" + PAGINATION_BEFORE + "="
                                + encodedString));
                link.setRel(PREVIOUS);
                organizationsResponse.addLinksItem(link);
            }
            if (!isLastPage) {
                Timestamp createdTimestamp = Timestamp.from(organizations.get(organizations.size() - 1).getCreated());
                String encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(createdTimestamp.toString()
                        .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                Link link = new Link();
                link.setHref(URI.create(
                        OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.buildURIForPagination(url) + "&" + PAGINATION_AFTER + "="
                                + encodedString));
                link.setRel(NEXT);
                organizationsResponse.addLinksItem(link);
            }

            List<BasicOrganizationResponse> organizationDTOs = new ArrayList<>();
            for (Organization organization : organizations) {
                BasicOrganizationResponse organizationDTO = new BasicOrganizationResponse();
                organizationDTO.setId(organization.getId());
                organizationDTO.setName(organization.getName());
                organizationDTO.setOrgHandle(organization.getOrganizationHandle());
                organizationDTO.setStatus(BasicOrganizationResponse.StatusEnum.valueOf(organization.getStatus()));
                organizationDTO.setVersion(organization.getVersion());
                organizationDTO.setHasChildren(organization.hasChildren());
                organizationDTO.setRef(buildOrganizationURL(organization.getId()).toString());
                List<Attribute> attributeList = getOrganizationAttributes(organization);
                if (!attributeList.isEmpty()) {
                    organizationDTO.setAttributes(attributeList);
                }
                organizationDTOs.add(organizationDTO);
            }
            organizationsResponse.setOrganizations(organizationDTOs);
        }
        return organizationsResponse;
    }

    private Organization getUpdatedOrganization(String organizationId, OrganizationPUTRequest organizationPUTRequest)
            throws OrganizationManagementException {

        Organization organization = organizationManager.getOrganization(organizationId, false, false);
        String currentOrganizationName = organization.getName();
        organization.setName(organizationPUTRequest.getName());
        organization.setDescription(organizationPUTRequest.getDescription());
        organization.setVersion(organizationPUTRequest.getVersion());

        OrganizationPUTRequest.StatusEnum statusEnum = organizationPUTRequest.getStatus();
        if (statusEnum != null) {
            String organizationStatus = statusEnum.toString();
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(organizationStatus)) {
                organization.setStatus(organizationStatus);
            }
        } else {
            organization.setStatus(null);
        }

        List<Attribute> organizationAttributes = organizationPUTRequest.getAttributes();
        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(organizationAttributes)) {
            organization.setAttributes(organizationAttributes.stream().map(attribute ->
                    new OrganizationAttribute(attribute.getKey(), attribute.getValue())).collect(Collectors.toList()));
        } else {
            organization.setAttributes(null);
        }
        return organizationManager.updateOrganization(organizationId, currentOrganizationName, organization);
    }

    private SharedOrganizationsResponse createSharedOrgResponse(List<BasicOrganization> organizations)
            throws OrganizationManagementServerException {

        SharedOrganizationsResponse response = new SharedOrganizationsResponse();
        for (BasicOrganization org : organizations) {
            BasicOrganizationResponse basicOrganizationResponse =
                    new BasicOrganizationResponse().id(org.getId()).name(org.getName())
                            .ref(buildOrganizationURL(org.getId()).toString());
            response.addOrganizationsItem(basicOrganizationResponse);
        }
        return response;
    }

    private SharedApplicationsResponse createSharedApplicationsResponse(List<SharedApplication> sharedApplications)
            throws OrganizationManagementServerException {

        SharedApplicationsResponse response = new SharedApplicationsResponse();
        for (SharedApplication sharedApp : sharedApplications) {
            SharedApplicationResponse sharedApplicationResponse =
                    new SharedApplicationResponse().applicationId(sharedApp.getSharedApplicationId())
                            .organizationId(sharedApp.getOrganizationId());
            response.addSharedApplicationsItem(sharedApplicationResponse);
        }
        return response;
    }

    private OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes getOrganizationDiscoveryAttributesResponse
            (List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> orgDiscoveryAttributeList) {

        OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes discoveryAttributes = new OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes();
        List<DiscoveryAttribute> attributes = orgDiscoveryAttributeList.stream()
                .map(discoveryAttribute -> {
                    DiscoveryAttribute attribute = new DiscoveryAttribute();
                    attribute.setType(discoveryAttribute.getType());
                    attribute.setValues(discoveryAttribute.getValues());
                    return attribute;
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());
        discoveryAttributes.setAttributes(attributes);
        return discoveryAttributes;
    }

    private List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> getOrgDiscoveryAttributesFromPostRequest(OrganizationDiscoveryPostRequest
                                                                                         discoveryPostRequest) {

        return Optional.ofNullable(discoveryPostRequest.getAttributes()).orElse(Collections.emptyList())
                .stream()
                .map(attribute -> {
                    OrgDiscoveryAttribute orgDiscoveryAttribute = new OrgDiscoveryAttribute();
                    orgDiscoveryAttribute.setType(attribute.getType());
                    orgDiscoveryAttribute.setValues(attribute.getValues());
                    return orgDiscoveryAttribute;
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    private List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute> getOrgDiscoveryAttributesFromPutRequest(OrganizationDiscoveryAttributes
                                                                                        discoveryAttributes) {

        return Optional.ofNullable(discoveryAttributes.getAttributes()).orElse(Collections.emptyList())
                .stream()
                .map(attribute -> {
                    OrgDiscoveryAttribute orgDiscoveryAttribute = new OrgDiscoveryAttribute();
                    orgDiscoveryAttribute.setType(attribute.getType());
                    orgDiscoveryAttribute.setValues(attribute.getValues());
                    return orgDiscoveryAttribute;
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

    private OrganizationMetadata getOrganizationMetadataResponse(Organization organization, List<OrgDiscoveryAttribute>
            organizationDiscoveryAttributes) {

        OrganizationMetadata organizationMetadata = new OrganizationMetadata();
        organizationMetadata.setId(organization.getId());
        organizationMetadata.setName(organization.getName());
        organizationMetadata.setOrgHandle(organization.getOrganizationHandle());
        organizationMetadata.setDescription(organization.getDescription());
        organizationMetadata.setVersion(organization.getVersion());
        organizationMetadata.setCreated(organization.getCreated().toString());
        organizationMetadata.setLastModified(organization.getLastModified().toString());
        organizationMetadata.setPermissions(organization.getPermissions());

        OrganizationMetadata.StatusEnum status;
        try {
            status = OrganizationMetadata.StatusEnum.valueOf(organization.getStatus());
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            status = OrganizationMetadata.StatusEnum.DISABLED;
        }
        organizationMetadata.setStatus(status);

        String type = organization.getType();
        if (StringUtils.equals(type, GetOrganizationResponse.TypeEnum.TENANT.toString())) {
            organizationMetadata.setType(OrganizationMetadata.TypeEnum.TENANT);
        } else {
            organizationMetadata.setType(OrganizationMetadata.TypeEnum.STRUCTURAL);
        }

        ParentOrganizationDO parentOrganizationDO = organization.getParent();
        if (parentOrganizationDO != null && parentOrganizationDO.getId() != null) {
            parentOrganizationDO.setRef(buildOrganizationURL(parentOrganizationDO.getId()).toString());
            organizationMetadata.setParent(getParentOrganization(parentOrganizationDO));
        }

        List<Attribute> attributeList = getOrganizationAttributes(organization);
        if (!attributeList.isEmpty()) {
            organizationMetadata.setAttributes(attributeList);
        }

        List<DiscoveryAttribute> attributes = organizationDiscoveryAttributes.stream()
                .map(discoveryAttribute -> {
                    DiscoveryAttribute attribute = new DiscoveryAttribute();
                    attribute.setType(discoveryAttribute.getType());
                    attribute.setValues(discoveryAttribute.getValues());
                    return attribute;
                }).collect(Collectors.toList());
        organizationMetadata.setDiscoveryAttributes(attributes);

        return organizationMetadata;
    }

    private MetaAttributesResponse getMetaAttributesResponse(Integer limit, String after, String before, String filter,
                                                             List<String> metaAttributes, boolean recursive)
            throws OrganizationManagementServerException {

        MetaAttributesResponse metaAttributesResponse = new MetaAttributesResponse();

        if (limit != 0 && CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(metaAttributes)) {
            boolean hasMoreItems = metaAttributes.size() > limit;
            boolean needsReverse = StringUtils.isNotBlank(before);
            boolean isFirstPage = (StringUtils.isBlank(before) && StringUtils.isBlank(after)) ||
                    (StringUtils.isNotBlank(before) && !hasMoreItems);
            boolean isLastPage = !hasMoreItems && (StringUtils.isNotBlank(after) || StringUtils.isBlank(before));

            String url = PATH_SEPARATOR + META_ATTRIBUTES_PATH + "?" + LIMIT_PARAM + "=" + limit + "&" + RECURSIVE_PARAM
                    + "=" + recursive;
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(filter)) {
                try {
                    url += "&" + FILTER_PARAM + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(filter, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                    throw new OrganizationManagementServerException(
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getMessage(),
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getDescription(),
                            ERROR_CODE_ERROR_BUILDING_PAGINATED_RESPONSE_URL.getCode(), e);
                }
            }
            if (hasMoreItems) {
                metaAttributes.remove(metaAttributes.size() - 1);
            }
            if (needsReverse) {
                Collections.reverse(metaAttributes);
            }
            if (!isFirstPage) {
                String encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(metaAttributes.get(0)
                        .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                Link link = new Link();
                link.setHref(URI.create(OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.buildURIForPagination(url) + "&"
                        + PAGINATION_BEFORE + "=" + encodedString));
                link.setRel(PREVIOUS);
                metaAttributesResponse.addLinksItem(link);
            }
            if (!isLastPage) {
                String encodedString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(metaAttributes.get(metaAttributes.size() - 1)
                        .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                Link link = new Link();
                link.setHref(URI.create(OrganizationManagementEndpointUtil.buildURIForPagination(url) + "&"
                        + PAGINATION_AFTER + "=" + encodedString));
                link.setRel(NEXT);
                metaAttributesResponse.addLinksItem(link);
            }
            metaAttributesResponse.attributes(metaAttributes);
        }
        return metaAttributesResponse;
    }
}
