Tests if a is zero.
Tests if a is zero.
Given a sequence of as, sum them using the monoid and return the total.
Given a sequence of as, sum them using the monoid and return the total.
Given a sequence of as, sum them using the semigroup and return the total.
Given a sequence of as, sum them using the semigroup and return the total.
If the sequence is empty, returns None. Otherwise, returns Some(total).
Return a added with itself n times.
Return a added with itself n times.
A vector space is a group
Vthat can be multiplied by scalars inFthat lie in a field. Scalar multiplication must distribute over vector addition (x *: (v + w) === x *: v + x *: w) and scalar addition ((x + y) *: v === x *: v + y *: v). Scalar multiplication by 1 inFis an identity function (1 *: v === v). Scalar multiplication is "associative" (x *: y *: v === (x * y) *: v).